Under what circumstances can a witness be compelled to testify according to the CCP?

A witness can be compelled to testify in a legal proceeding primarily through the use of a subpoena, which is a formal order requiring them to appear and provide testimony under oath during a trial. This process is governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, which outlines the authority of courts to summon witnesses to ensure that the truth is ascertained in legal matters.

When a witness is subpoenaed, they are legally obligated to attend court and give their account regarding the matter at hand. This obligation is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the judicial process, as witnesses often hold key information that can influence the outcomes of trials.

While certain circumstances, such as a witness being related to the accused or volunteering information, may allow for testimonies or discussions with law enforcement, they do not constitute a formal requirement for appearance in court. Granting immunity can also protect a witness from self-incrimination, thereby influencing their willingness to testify, but it does not itself compel testimony in the absence of a subpoena. Therefore, the ability to compel a witness to testify fundamentally hinges on the act of being subpoenaed or sworn in during a trial.