Under what circumstances is seizure defined?

The definition of seizure is accurately described as occurring when property is restrained by physical force or authority. This understanding stems from legal principles regarding the taking of property by law enforcement, which requires that there be an actual physical control over the item, or explicit authority exercised over it, signifying that the property is no longer under the control of the individual to whom it belongs.

In legal contexts, a seizure can take many forms, including the stopping of a vehicle, but the moment a law enforcement official exercises control over an item or property, it is considered seized. Physical force might involve officers taking an object directly from an individual, while authority may pertain to actions taken under a warrant or probable cause that justifies the restraint.

Other scenarios listed do not constitute seizure in the legal sense. Stopping a car for a traffic violation does not inherently involve seizing property unless there is direct evidence or contraband taken from the vehicle. A suspect refusing to cooperate is not related to the concept of seizure, rather it pertains to compliance and engagement with law enforcement. Finally, evidence being anonymously reported pertains to the acquisition or awareness of information, not the act of seizing property. Thus, the definition of seizure is best captured by the restraint of property by physical means or