What must happen before a plea bargain is finalized in a criminal case?

In a criminal case, for a plea bargain to be finalized, it is essential that the judge approves the agreement. The approval of the judge is a critical aspect because they ensure that the plea bargain is in the best interests of justice and that the defendant is fully informed and voluntarily waives their rights related to pleading guilty. This judicial oversight serves to protect the defendant's rights, ensuring that the plea is made knowingly and without coercion.

While other factors, such as the agreement from the prosecution and the defendant's appearance in court, play a role in the process, it is ultimately the judge's approval that formalizes and accepts the plea bargain, marking it legally binding. The defense attorney's signature may also be involved, as they represent the defendant's interests, but it is the judge's approval that is crucial for the plea to take effect.